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Tale rigmarole
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Play rigmarole
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Ceremony rigmarole
The literary works, which is based on syllabic meter like minstrel poetry different from classical school of poetry, the oral literary works whose owners can not be determined such as proverbs, legends, tales, stories, anecdotes, lullabies, folksongs, riddles, folk music forms, wailing are all under the name of 'Folk Literature'.
MINSTREL LITERATURE
Minstrel is a poet type which is seen from the beginning of 11th and 12th centuries in Turkish Folk Literature. It's believed that the minstrel poet takes his poetry power from his drinking the wine of love which his master presented to him in his dream and dreaming the image of his lover. 'Folk poet' is used instead of 'Folk minstrel'. Folk mistrals have left many works having different subjects. Since most of these works were told by illiterate minstrels impromptu, some of them were forgotten and some of them were protected. The folk poems of the minstrels are told impromptu.
Folk poems having religion and Islamic mysticism subject are called 'Tekke (Dervish-lodge' Poems'.
for details
MANİ (Turkish folk-music forms)
They are quatrains sang according to the syllabic meter of generally whose teller are nor known. Bayati word is used to call mani in Eastern Anatolia. The rhyme order is a-a-b-a
RIGMAROLE
These works are generally in the children traditions and which can be produced with main rhyme and rhymes and which are arranged according to the similarities of sounds and words and whose tellers are not known. They can be classified as.
FOLK SONGS
Folk song is the name mostly used to show every kind of folk poem which is sung with a melody in oral tradition of Turkey. Names of Lullabies, wailing, folk poems, tunes can be used according to the classifications of the words and tune in special conditions.
LULLABY
These are literary works which are sung to make the children sleep or to make them stop crying with a simple language and syllabic meter and with a melody.
WAILING
These are literary works sung with melodies which express the feelings of fright, anxiety, sorrow and mutiny in cases of natural disasters, deaths, illnesses and helplessness. Singing a wailing is called crying a wailing and the one crying a wailing is called 'wailer'.
TALE
Is a type of expression which is imaginary, is on unknown time and which does not aim to make the listeners believe. To draw the attention of the listener on the take rigmarole are told in the beginning in the end or in some proper places.
ANECTODES
Are the short literary works which focus on the events of daily lives and which aims to draw results from the told events and in which satire, witty remorks and humor exist.
STORIES
Are a way of expressing Heal events of life in a long form in which the sounds and mimics are used in combination with melodies and saz.
They are divided into two groups according to their dimensions.
1.Short stories having a simple structure and which have been taken from a legends, tales or real lives and which focus only on an event. Telling them may take at most two hours.
2.The stories which focus on a group of crowded people, the unexpected situations coming one by one and as a result, the difficult events. This makes the story to be told in a longer time. These stories may continue to be told 1-7 nights.
RIDDLES
Are stereotyped words which asks about natural events and human beings, the living things such as animals and plants, goods, religious subjects and motives; aiming to make associations. The equivalents of these words are accepted without any dispute.
PROVERBS
Are the words that we have inherited form our ancestors, that have a certain opinion and whose tellers are not known and which are used in daily languages.
LEGENDS
Legends which are a sort of Folk Literature, making a cultural transfer from past to today, are one of the areas helping to contribute the structure of human beings and cultural structure that they produced. Is one of the types of literature which is formed attributing supernatural characteristics to real and imaginary beings, places and events, which canalize the individual and social life of a person with the belief that they are told as real, and whose tellers are definite. They may be classified according to their subjects as:
- Legends on supernatural beings
- Legends on animals
- Legends on religious subjects.
- Legends on plants and trees
- Legends on natural surrounding and events
BLESSING
IMPRECATIONS (CURSES)
Imprecations (curses) are integral part of our daily life, very important subject of folklore. Angers, hatreds, rages, irremediable resistances from adults to minors, from minors to adults, or between furious people have been reflected through these cursing phrases. They are simple, sincere, clear. Such words are a compound of hopes and hopelessness, fears and joys, angers and repentances. Some of such cursing words used in İnegöl are listed hereunder:
- May God give you thousands of trouble.
- May God curse you.
- May God put you in need of a slice of bread,
- May God punish you
- May God not make you unhappy
- God damn you
- God damned
- God, may your ankles broken.
- You may not attain your desire.
- May rock fall on your head.
- May he/she die
- May you fall down
- May you eat humble pie
- May a big rock fall on your head
- May you without head
- May your one day life one day
- May the devil take you
- Go to hell
- May you burn in fire of hell
- May you suffer greatly, if God pleases.
- May you feel much sorrow
- May you die
- May your tongue be held and not speak
- I wish your chin be broken
- May you burst
- May you be target for double bullets
- May you not find remedy for your trouble
- May a wasp sting your tongue
- May your trouble not be cured
- May you no longer speak
- May you hold your tongue
- May you be come mad
- May you get no benefit from my milk you suck
- May your hand and arm be broken off
- May your hand and leg be useless
- May blood drop on your hand
- May your hand and leg got entangled
- May you suffer from your children
- May you go but not return
- May you die.
- May your eye become blind
- May your eye's light fade out
- You don't make me happy, so you may not see better days
- May your greed never be satisfied
- I did not enjoy the advantage of it, it may not bring you benefit.
- You have spoiled my life, may your life be spoiled.
- May you have great harm
- 'İrmiyesice'
- May Blind Devil curse you
- May your eardrum burst
- May you be unlucky
- May you be exterminated
- May you become baldheaded
- I have been deeply depressed, Damn you
- May you become penniless
- May you not attain your desire
- Whatever you have done, may you deserve the same
- May you be worst than me
- May your family become destroyed
- May your family die out
- I wish you were never born
- May you die because of me
- May he be frightened to death.
- May you burst out
- May you be broken to pieces
- May you suffer great misery.
- May you get baldheaded
- May their urine be stopped
- May your wickedness cease to exist only by your death
- Go to hell
NAMES, NICKNAMES AND CAUSES FOR GIVING SUCH NAMES
Names and nicknames are symbols serving people living in a society to know each other better and to distinguish from one another. Names of ladies usually consist of soft, sweet, melodic, pleasant and good words to hear. Names of male are hard words suitable for character of male. These words symbolise the strength in life style of men.
Nicknames are encountered as much more determining factor in distinguishing persons' identity. Among causes for giving nicknames are included such features as occupation, diligence, laziness, residential area, ethnic root, jealousy, envy, physical characteristics, attitude towards environment, saying handed down from the past, etc.
Names used in İnegöl are the names used nationwide in Turkey. Therefore we find it unnecessary to give examples from them. Thinking that they may be example for nicknames and reason for their giving, we have contented with examples selected from the section of folk. These examples may be listed as follows:
HAGEM PUBLICATIONS ON FOLK LITERATURE
- The Declarations of IIIrd International Congress of Turkish Folk Literature and Folklore, 1995
- The Declarations of International Silk Rood Folk Literature Symposium, 1995
- The Declarations of Nasreddin Hodja Symposium, 1997
- The Declarations of Vth International Congress of Turkish Folk Culture, the section of Folk Literature 1-2,
- Poem Competitions on 'Family and Society' and 'Tolerance' between Folk Poets in 1994-1995.
- A Fütüvvetname whose writer is not certain Assoc. Prof. Ibrahim Aslanoğlu, 1997.
- The Cenknames of Prophet Ali in Folk Literature, Prof. Dr. İsmet, 1997.
- Texts of Dobruca Turkish Folk Literature, Prof. Dr. Enver Mahmut, Dr. Nedret Mahmut, 1997.
- An Attribute to Pertev, Naili Boratov, 1998
- An Anthology of Living Folk Poets, 1993