A new government was formed after Mesut Yilmaz was elected as the ANAP party chairman replacing Yildirim Akbulut in June 1991. The government formed by Yilmaz decided to hold early elections which were held on 21 October 1991. The DYP, which focused on democratization and lowering the rate of inflation in its election campaign, emerged as the leading party with 27.03 percent of the votes. The DYP was followed by ANAP, SHP, RP and DSP.
However, no party could obtain a majority of the seats at the TGNA. A DYP-SHP coalition was formed by Suleyman Demirel on 20 November 1991. This government succeeded to a certain extent in reviving economic growth and increasing the real income of the wage earners. It also took some steps towards democratization.
Multidimensional relations were established with various initiatives of both President Turgut ozal and the government, with the Central Asian Republics which had gained inde- pendence after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Thus, new horizons were opened for Turkey to become a "regional state". The Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), including the entire Black Sea region, Caucasia and the Balkans, envisages economic, commercial and eventually political cooperation among the countries of the Black Sea region. It was established in June 1992 at a summit meeting and has increased the importance of Turkey in this region. Furthermore, Turkey has also played an active role in the peace operations in Bosnia Herzegovina and Somalia.
Suleyman Demirel was elected President when President Turgut ozal passed away on 17 April 1993. Tansu Ciller replaced Demirel as the Chairman of the DYP in the special general assembly held on 13 June 1993. The new DYP-SHP Coalition Government formed by Tansu Ciller, Turkey's first female Prime Minister, stayed in power from 25 June 1993 until the elections on 25 December 1995.
The Welfare Party became the leading party with 21 percent of the votes in the December 1995 elections. An ANAP-DYP Coalition Government was formed on 5 March 1996, with Mesut Yilmaz as the Prime Minister and this coalition was called the "Anayol" (Main Path). This government lasted for four months. When the DYP announced that it would support a motion filed by the RP against the government, Prime Minister Mesut Yilmaz submitted his resignation to President Suleyman Demirel on 6 June 1996.
Demirel appointed Necmettin Erbakan, the RP Chairman, to form the new government. Erbakan formed the RP-DYP coalition which was called the "Refahyol" (Welfare-Path). Tansu Ciller, the DYP Chairperson, participated in this government as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and as Deputy Prime Minister. The intensified debates on fundamentalism in this period, caused social and political tension. A new process commenced when the National Security Council issued a warning in its meeting on 28 February 1997 that the danger of fundamentalism was increasing.
During this tense period, Prime Minister Erbakan resigned on 18 June 1997 in order to transfer the prime ministry to Tansu Ciller, his coalition partner. However, President Suleyman Demirel charged Mesut Yilmaz, the ANAP Chairman, rather than Tansu Ciller, with forming the new government on 19 June 1997. President Demirel approved the ANAP-DSP-DTP Coalition Government formed by Yilmaz, which is called the "Anasol-D " by the public. During the period of Anasol-D which obtained a vote of confidence on 12 July 1997, an early election decision was taken with the overwhelming majority at the TGNA and a decision was taken for the general and local elections to be held together on 18 April 1999.
The government which ruled for 17 months was removed from power by an interpellation on 25 November 1998. As the initiatives of Bulent Ecevit charged with forming the government were of no avail, the duty was taken over by Yalim Erez, independent deputy from the Province of Mugla and minister of Industry.
While Erez's initiatives were still going on, the DYP Chairperson Tansu Ciller's announcement that she will support a minority government under the chairmanship of Bulent Ecevit, made possible a formula to win a vote of confidence. Likewise, Bulent Ecevit's minority government wining a vote of confidence on 17 January 1999, worked until the election on April the 18th.
As the result of election while DSP, MHP, FP, DYP and ANAP had a right to be represented in the Parliament, CHP could not exceed the general barrage of 10 percent and could not enter the Parliament. While DSP increased its votes at a high rate, MHP was the second party to get the greatest number of votes. The center-right parties such as ANAP and DYP suffered great loses of votes.
Also FP (Virtue Party), founded with the inclusion of majority of the independent deputies of the Welfare Party after it was abolished, could not maintain its percentage of votes. The DSP-MHP-ANAP coalition government was formed on 28 May 1999, under the chairmanship of Bulent Ecevit, the chairman of the leading party from the election. The 57th Government, formed as government of reconciliation and advance, handling, as soon as it took office, such important issues as the civilianization of the State Security Courts, the Act of Banking, the Constitutional amendment envisaging "International Arbitration" and the Social Security Reform, has adopted new laws.